|
|
|
|
Term |
Meaning |
Comments |
| ACIA
|
Asynchronous Communications Interface Adapter |
Also called UART. More |
| ACPI |
Advanced Configuration and Power Interface |
PC term |
| ACR |
Advanced Communications Riser, probably similar to an AMR* |
PC term |
| A/D
|
Analog to Digital |
| ADC* |
Analog to Digital Converter |
| ADMA
|
Advanced DMA* controller |
Siemens |
| ADPCM
|
Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation |
Both the sender and the receiver predict what the next sample will be based on the fact that the human voice and simple modem* signals never contain two frequencies at once and then instead of sending the complete 8 bits PCM* code only the difference is send in 4 bits. |
| ADTV
|
Advanced Definition TV |
| AGC
|
Auto Gain Control |
Adjusts input audio volume automatically. Not easy to do. May severely distort recordings. Beware! |
| AGP* |
Accelerated Graphics Port |
This port was added after the PCI* bus proved to be to slow for graphics. Disadvantage: Only one AGP* slot per motherboard so multiple displays becomes more difficult. 2002: Even low-cost ($90) modern AGP* video cards can handle multiple displays now, although the second one is usually configured on the card to be a TV. |
| ALI |
ATM Line Interface |
TranSwitch |
| AM
|
Amplitude Modulation |
The amplitude variation of a wave carries a slower wave. |
| AMDM |
ATM Multiplexer/DeMultiplexer (QSI) |
| Amp
|
Amplifier |
Chipwise usually an OPerational AMPlifier (OpAmp*). There is also a company called AMP. They mainly make (good!) connectors. |
| AMR* |
Audio Modem* Riser. This is a small card you prick into the motherboard and it contains enough (dependend on country) hardware, so the CPU* can emulate a (soft-) modem* with it. |
PC term |
| AND
|
The logical AND* function. |
The output is high if and only if all inputs are high. |
| AOI
|
And-Or-Invert |
First a couple of AND-ports, whose outputs go into a single NOR* port. The last inversion is probably because NOR* ports are faster then OR*'s and because ports with inverted outputs offer more possibilities. |
| APM |
Advanced Power Managament |
PC term |
| ARCOFI
|
Audio Ringing COdec* FIlter |
Siemens |
| ASLAC
|
Advanced Subscriber Line Audio processing interface |
AMD |
| ASLIC
|
Advanced Subscriber Line Interface |
AMD |
| Async
|
Asynchronous |
Not clocked, so just a bunch of logic ports one after another. |
| atto
|
10**-18 |
|
Term |
Meaning |
Comments |
| Baud
|
Unit for baudrate* (next entry). |
| Baudrate
|
Signal level changes per second. |
Often confused with BPS*. Named after mister Baudot. In early modems the baudrate* was equal to the BPS*, hence the confusion. |
| BCP
|
Biphase Communications Processor |
NS |
| BinHex
|
The Apple way to code binary files using visible ASCII-only to fascillitate sending the data over pure-ASCII (or unknown) networks. |
The UNIX variation is UUEncode. Usually the datastream is chopped in parts of six bits and ' ' is added. This has the extra advantage that only upper case characters are used. Old computers couldn't handle lower case letters. More. |
| BIOS |
Basic Input Output System, the (EEP)ROM that handles how a PC starts up |
PC Term |
| BPS
|
Bits Per Second |
This is relevant for serial connections. Beware that the nominal and actual bitrate may differ depending on the reliability of the medium. Once a medium has a certain reliability you can enhance it's reliability to whatever you like by sacrificing speed. |
|
Term |
Meaning |
Comments |
| CAD
|
Computer Aided Design |
Using a computer to design products. For PCB* CAD* programs see local. |
| CAM
|
Computer Aided Manufacturing |
It's the next step after CAD*. Together they are often called CAD*/CAM*. See also the next entry. |
| CAM* |
Content Addressable Memory |
The memory is not addressed according to it's linear address but by it's content, usally some sort of tag to gain access to the real data. This kind of memory was originally often used to implement MMU*'s. Currently two-way associative look aside buffers are more common, because they can work faster (less drain on the address lines). This means that the part of the address lines that are used for associative purposes becomes smaller and the deterministic part bigger. With a two way caching mechanism however you can get into serious caching problems when copying arrays etc. For example when adding the elements of two screen image arrays and putting it in the video RAM*. |
| CAN |
Controller Area Network |
Type of network. see local |
| CC
|
C compiler |
Compiler for the language C |
| CCD
|
Charge Coupled Device |
Kind of DRAM*, that can sense light intensities. local. |
| CDB
|
Cell Delineation Block device |
TranSwitch |
| CDR
|
Clock and Data Recovery |
TranSwitch |
| CISC
|
Complex Instruction Set Computing |
As opposed to RISC. CISC* was the classic way of designing processor instruction set. It was based on the misapprehention of the hardware designers that the programmers were still programming in Assembler and wanted powerful addressing modes. Compilers don't like complex instructions however. |
| CMOS
|
Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor |
The 4xxx range was a very popular range of early glue semiconductors. It's already very old (1980 or earlier), both on those days static was a problem with CMOS*. Later CMOS* became the standard in the industry because of it's low energy consumption and even modern TTL* (since about 1985?) is done in CMOS* (HCT*). See local. |
| CNR |
Communication and Networking Riser, probably similar to AMR* |
PC term |
| Codec
|
COder and DECoder |
This is a combined ADC* and DAC* for telecom purposes. The digital format is usually A-law or µ-law PCM*. More. |
| COFF* |
Meant to be a universal format for binary files. |
Every computer type uses it's own variation however. |
| COFI
|
COdec* FIlter |
| COFISLIC
|
COdec* FIlter and Subscriber Line Interface Circuit |
AMD |
| CompactPCI* |
Passive backplane specification for (industrial) PCI*. |
| CPU* |
Central Processing Unit |
This is called MPU* on these pages, because we're only thinking in terms of chips here. CPU*'s were once implemented as many-IC PCB*'s in mainframes and mini computers and therefore single chip CPU*'s were called microprocessors or MPU*'s. Nowadays all CPU*'s are single chip and the makers of big computers try to put as many of them in a single computer to offer as much power as possible. |
| CRIMM |
Continuity RIMM |
PC term? |
| CRT
|
Cathode Ray Tube |
This is the basic part of a video monitor that actually shows the images. A television set has additional circuitry to decode and select one out of several broadcasting channels and to handle audio, teletext and in future even much more. |
| CTC
|
Counter Timer Circuit |
Counters and timers are basically the same because timers just count time ticks. However since we see time as an absolute continuum, in our nativity we tend to make a difference. |
|
Term |
Meaning |
Comments |
| D/A
|
Digital to Analog |
| DAA* |
Data Access Arrangement |
| DAC* |
Digital to Analog Converter |
MPU*'s and MCU*'s 'think' digitally so to convert these 'thoughts' to the real world we need to convert this, usually parallel binary, data to an analogue voltage or current. The simplest solution is using a resistor network costing only a few dimes. Another cheap solution is generating a square wave with a certain high-low ratio (duty cycle) and feeding that via a resistor into a capacitor which will then average it out. There are also much more sophisticated solutions. The company 'Analog' got big specializing on this. |
| DART
|
Dual* Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter |
Two UART's |
| DCF-77* |
Time info transmitter in Mainflingen, Germany. |
Only usable in a circular area around the transmitter in Europe. local. |
| DCPAT
|
Dual* CEPT Primary Access Transceiver |
AT&T* |
| DD
|
Double density |
Floppy disk type. DD* uses a more advanced bit coding than Single Density (SD*). SD* and DD* floppies are the same. See also High Density (HD*). |
| DDR |
Double Data Rate. DRAM* with this feature can be read on both flanks of the clock signal, doubling the amount of data they can provide with the same clock rate. Currently (2002) it's mainly a technology used on video cards, I think. |
| DDS
|
Direct Digital Synthesis |
The IC*'s AD7008 and AD9850 from Analog Devices are often used as computer controlled signal generators in highend RF applications. The integrated circuits generate a high quality sinewave with nearly constant amplitude between about 0,01 Hz and 65 MHz. Frequency and phase angle of the output signal are being varied by serial input data. The ideal circuit for HAM radio ;-) |
| Demux
|
Demultiplexer |
| DIMM |
Dual* Inline Memory Module |
modern type of DRAM* memory on a small plug-in board, see also SIMM. Early PC motherboards used sockets for DRAM* chips, but it was very hard to predict which memory chips would be cheap once the board was finished. It's easier to put SIMM/DIMM sockets on the board and let others take care of the issue, which chips to put on them. |
| DMA
|
Direct memory access |
See next entry |
| DMAC
|
Direct memory access controller |
This is a separate, very simple but fast co-processor (consisting mainly of counters) that is allowed to handle the address and data lines of the system (after being instructed to do so by the main processor). It will either 'steal' single cycles on the bus or do 'burst' accesses, mainly to do I/O. The usefulness of DMA* during a certain era depends heavily on the difference in speed between the processor and the system and it's interrupt overhead. It also depends on if the peripheral will need to be serviced regurarly with single bytes or small blocks or that it can buffer data itself and do a burst just now and then. With the current trend to put more and more memory and intelligence in the peripherals and CPU*'s getting faster and faster DMA* is gradually getting more and more obsolete. Even modern UART's already have an internal 64 bytes buffer so the CPU* can handle them and DMA* is not needed. |
| DMI |
Direct Management Interface |
PC term |
| DPST
|
Double Pole, Single Throw |
Type of switch |
| DRAM* |
Dynamic Random Access Memory |
See DRAM* |
| DRM |
Dual* Rentention Mechanism |
PC term |
| DS
|
Double sided |
Floppy disk term |
| DSP* |
Digital Signal Processor |
See DSP*. |
| DSR
|
Dynamic Shift Register |
Also RS-232 term: Data Set Ready. DTR means 'Data Terminal Ready'. 'Set' means 'modem*' since RS-232 mainly dealed with the terminal-modem connection situation. A PC was traditionally seen by IBM as a terminal and not as a real computer... |
| DTMF* |
Dual* Tone Multi-Frequency |
This is the system to code special information over a traditional analogue telephone line. Normally a single person only uthers one frequency at a time. By sending two frequencies at the same time for a certain time (about 0.1 s) it's possible to make quite sure not to get these tones confused with human speech. The frequencies are choosen such that they have no harmonics in common. For a receiver, check out the Mitel MT8870 (second sourced by Samsung). For a sender check out the Philips I2C* part PCD3311*, PCD3311A* or PCD3312*. |
| Dual
|
Containing 2 equal devices |
| DUART
|
Dual* Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter |
Device with two UART's |
|
Term |
Meaning |
Comments |
| ECL
|
Emitter Coupled Logic |
Is very fast and expensive |
| ECP |
Extended Capabilities Port |
PC term |
| ECC |
Error Checking and Correcting. Parity can only detect errors, but ECC can also repair it, assuming that there are only single bit errors now and then. It requires only 30% or such more bits to be transmitted. Check a good book about datacommunication about this subject... |
| EDO-RAM
|
Extra (Extended?) Data Output RAM* |
See also DRAM* |
| EDTV
|
Enhanced Definition TV |
| EEPROM* |
Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory |
| EMC |
Electro Magnetic Compatibility |
| EPP |
Enhanced Parallel Port |
Enhancement of the parallel printer port of the PC. The first port only had 8 data bits out and 4 control lines in and a handshake line, I think (see Centronix port). Later enhancements include 8 bits in and out and bididrectional features etc. Look in this Chipdir's ABC under the P for more info. |
| EPROM
|
Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory |
| ESCD |
Extended System Configuration Data |
PC term |
| ESD |
Electro Static Discharge |
| Euro-AV/SCART* |
See SCART* |
| Exa
|
10**18 or for computers 1024**6 |
|
Term |
Meaning |
Comments |
| FAQ* |
Frequently Asked Questions |
| FCODE
|
Forth Code |
Processor independent language to write device drivers for the PCI-BUS. local. |
| FDC
|
Floppy Disc Controller |
This is the chip (or formally the board) that controles the floppy disc drive. Basically there are two families: The 1771 family by Western Design/Digital Corporation (?) and the 765 family by NEC (same as 8272 by Intel, but who did really design it?). |
| FDD |
Floppy Disk Device |
This is a floppy disk drive |
| femto
|
10**-15 |
| FET
|
Field Effect Transistor. |
This is a voltage driven transistor. (The much more popular PNP and NPN transistors are current driven.) |
| FFT
|
Fast Fourier Transformation |
This is a method to transform data from the time domain (that we normally live in) to the frequency domain (which is only interesting for freaks who want to study trends in signals). Of course those freaks make a good living of off their knowledge because examining trends can be big business. Simple consumers like us may notice FFT* in our hifi sets when it has a display which shows the energy in different frequency ranges. |
| FIFO
|
First In First Out |
Like in a queue in the post office. The alternative is a stack or LIFO (Last In First Out). |
| FM
|
Frequency Modulation |
A slower wave is carried by the small frequency variations of a carrier wave. The predecessor was AM* which carried it's child wave using variations in amplitude. This however was much more prone to distortions, because the amplitude of a signal suffers from all kinds of reflections etc. FM* uses more bandwidth in turn however. |
| FPAA |
Field Programmable Analog Array |
Enables building fast analog circuits. Motorola seems to have left this field now... |
| FPDRAM
|
Fast Page DRAM*. |
Outdated by EDO and SDRAM* etc. |
| FPGA* |
Field Programmable Gate Array |
This is a 'cheap' way to design your own chips. All the components are already on the chip, but 'in the field' you program them to make the right connections between the components. Cheap is not really true for large amounts since the chip will use a lot of energy for the components that you're not really using. These components are also expensive because they carry a lot of unused silicon around. They may also be slow. Startup time may be hindered by the fact that their functionality needs to be loaded from a serial ROM. The software needed to achieve the functionality may also be expensive and getting used to the software may also take time. However once the design is ready and tested there may be an easy path to having the design being mass produced in a real ASIC. Xilinx became big making these FPGA*'s. |
| FSB |
Front Side Bus |
| FS-PAL
|
Field Sequential Phase Alternation Line |
| FYI
|
For Your Information |
|
Term |
Meaning |
Comments |
| HCMOS
|
High-speed Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor |
| HCT
|
High-speed CMOS* TTL* compatible |
| HD
|
High density |
Floppy disk type. HD* uses the same coding as DD*, but just reads and writes twice as fast. |
| HDD |
Hard Disk Device/Drive |
PC term |
| HDSL* |
| HDTV
|
High Definition TV |
A TV with a higher resolution on screen. |
| Hex
|
Containing 6 equal devices |
Also: Hexadecimal (16) base notation for numbers. |
| HP |
Horse Power |
On switches. A switch must be rated for as many horsepower as the motor it can switch on and off. |
| HPC
|
High Performance microController |
Old term used by NS. Look under MCU*. Can also mean: Hand-held Personal Computer, High Performance Computing or High Pressure Compressor |
| HQX
|
File name extension of BinHex* files |
See BinHex*. |
| HV-SLIC
|
High Voltage Subscriber Line Interface Circuit |
|
Term |
Meaning |
Comments |
| I2C* |
(=IIC) Intra Integrated circuit (-bus) |
Philips |
| IC
|
Integrated Circuit |
It's usually called chip on these pages |
| ICE* |
In-Circuit Emulator |
Expensive apparatus to simulate a processor. Also the name of a company. |
| IDE* |
Integrated Dual* channel Enhanced |
see IDE* |
| IEC* |
International Electrotechnical Commission (see IEC*) |
| IO
|
Input and Output |
| I/O
|
Input and Output |
| IOAPIC |
Input Output Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller |
PC term |
| I-PAL
|
Improved PAL* |
| IRQ |
Interrupt ReQuest |
| ISA-bus
|
Industry Standard Architecture |
Bus in the IBM-PC, see www.annabooks.com/. Later came EISA, VLB (VESA* Local Bus), PCI* and USB. |
|
Term |
Meaning |
Comments |
| M13
|
DS1/DS3 Multiplexer |
TranSwitch |
| M13E
|
DS1/DS3 Multiplexer Extended features |
TranSwitch |
| MAC
|
Multiplexed Analogue Components |
| MCU* |
See MCU* |
| mega
|
10**6 = 1000*1000 |
For computers 2**20=1024*1024 and for harddisks sometimes even 1000*1024 |
| MEMS
|
MicroElectro Mechanical Systems, see for example: www.memsrus.com/ |
| MFAST
|
Mwave Folded Array Signal Transform (IBM) |
| MFLOPS
|
Mega* Floating Point Instructions Per Second |
| MHz |
Mega* HertZ |
1000,000 times per second |
| micro
|
10**-6 |
| MIDI* |
Musical Instrument Digital Interface |
| milli
|
10**-3 |
| MIPS* |
| MMU
|
Memory Management Unit |
| Modem* |
Modulator/demodulator |
(follow the link). |
| MOS
|
Metal Oxide Semiconductor |
As in CMOS* |
| MOSFET
|
Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor (FET*) |
| MPT |
Memory Protocol Translator |
PC term |
| MPU* |
Micro* Processor Unit (=single chip CPU*) |
| MSI
|
Medium Scale Integration |
| MTH |
Memory Translator Hub |
PC term |
| MUART
|
Multifunctions Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter |
| Mudem
|
Multiplexer and Demultiplexer |
Not an official term |
| Mux
|
Multiplexer |
|
Term |
Meaning |
Comments |
| NAND
|
Not-AND |
A NOT-operation after an AND-operation |
| nano
|
10**-9 |
| NIC |
Network Interface Card |
PC term |
| NIU
|
Network Interface Unit |
Dallas |
| NMOS
|
NPN-transistors-only Metal Oxide Semiconductor |
| NOR
|
Not-OR |
A NOT-operation after an OR-operation |
| NOT
|
The output is high if the input is low and low if the input is high |
| NTSC
|
National Television System Committee or 'Never The Same Color' ;-) |
American color television standard |
| NV
|
Non volatile (Keeps it's contents without power-connection) |
| NVRAM
|
Non volatile RAM* (Keeps it's contents without power-connection) |
| NXOR
|
Not-XOR (The result is a NOT-operation after an XOR-operation) |
|
Term |
Meaning |
Comments |
|
PAC
|
Primary Access framer/Controller |
AT&T* |
| PCI* AGP* Controller |
PC term |
| PAL
|
Programmable Array Logic (=chip) or Phase Alternation Line (=European color television standard) |
| PBSRAM
|
Pipeline Burst SRAM* |
Used as cache |
| PCB* |
Printed Circuit Board |
| PCI* |
Peripheral Component Interconnect |
PC and Macintosh bus |
| PCM
|
Pulse Code Modulation |
| PEEL
|
Programmable Electrically Eraseable Logic |
See ICT*. |
| Peta
|
10**15 or for computers 1024**5 |
| PIA
|
Parallel Interface Adapter |
| PIC |
Peripheral Interrupt Controller (Intel) or Peripheral Interface Controller (MicroChip) |
| pico
|
10**-12 |
| PIO
|
Parallel Input Output |
Usually called PIA* |
| PIPO
|
Parallel in parallel out |
| PISO
|
Parallel in serial out |
| PLA
|
Programmable Logic Array |
| PLD* |
| PLL
|
Phase Locked Loop |
| PMOS
|
P-type Metal Oxide Semiconductor |
| POST |
Power-On Self Test |
PC term |
| PROM
|
Programmable Read Only Memory |
| PSRAM
|
Pseudo SRAM* which is basically the same as dynamic RAM* with on-chip refresh circuitry. Same stuff from Sharp is called "SmartCombo SRAM*". The trade-off is: Lower cost, but slightly higher current consumption in low power mode. Stig Nielsen. |
Intel |
|
Term |
Meaning |
Comments |
| RAM* |
Random Access Memory |
| Ref
|
Reference Voltage (Used for A/D* Converters). Can also mean refresh rate in DRAM*. |
| RIMM |
Rambus In-line Memory Module |
kind of SIMM, but using Rambus type DRAM* chips |
| RISC* |
Reduced Instruction Set Computing. |
local, local. |
| ROM |
Read Only Memory |
| RS232
|
The norm for serial transmission to terminals, modems and printers |
| RTOS
|
Real Time Operating System |
Normal operating systems use as long as it takes to complete their tasks, but real time operating systems are designed such that the makers can quarantee a certain maximum response time for all kinds of events like interrupts. |
|
Term |
Meaning |
Comments |
| SAR
|
Successive Approximation Register |
Part of an ADC* |
| SAW
|
Surface Acoustic Wave |
www.sawtek.com/about.htm |
| SCART
|
European connector definition for TV's and VCR's etc. |
www.hardwarebook.net/connector/av/scart.html |
| Schmitt
|
Schmitt-trigger |
| SCI |
Special Circumstance Instructions |
PC term |
| SCNT1
|
Single Chip Network Termination 1 (NT1) |
AT&T* |
| SCSI* |
Small Computer System Interface. |
Pronounce as 'skuzi*'. |
| Scuzi* |
See SCSI* |
| SD
|
Single density |
Floppy disk type. See DD*. |
| SDHT
|
SDH/SONET Transceiver |
Siemens |
| SDRAM
|
Synchronous DRAM*. |
| SECAM
|
Systeme èn Coleur Avec Mémoire |
| SHARC
|
Super Harvard ARchitecture Computer |
Analog |
| SICAT
|
SIemens Concept Analog Telephone |
Siemens |
| SICOFI
|
SIgnalling COdec* FIlter |
Siemens |
| SIO
|
Serial Input Output |
Usually called UART |
| SIPO
|
Serial in parallel out |
| SISO
|
Serial in serial out |
| Skuzi* |
See SCSI* |
| SLAC
|
Subscriber Line Audio processing interface |
AMD |
| SLDRAM* |
| SLIC
|
Subscriber Line Interface Circuit |
| SLICOFI
|
Subscriber Line Interface Circuit and signaling COdec* FIlter |
Siemens |
| SLIP
|
Serial Line Interface Protocol |
Describes the protocol for making host-to-host connections using back-to-back serial ports (with crossover cable, of course). Can be used between two computers or to interconnect two hosts residing within a single computer. Robert L. Smith. |
| SM3
|
SONET 3:1 Multiplexer |
TranSwitch |
| SOT
|
STS-1 Overhead Terminator |
TranSwitch |
| SPLD
|
Simple Programmable Logic Device |
| SPST
|
Single pole, single throw |
Switch type |
| SR
|
Shift Register |
| SRAM
|
Static RAM* |
| SS
|
Single sided |
Floppy disk type |
| SSR
|
Static Shift Register (Early designs were often dynamic) or Solid State Relay |
| STAF
|
SDH Transceiver And Framer |
TranSwitch |
| Sync
|
Synchronous |
The circuit works in phases. After a clock pulse the logic between any two registers gets enough time to stabilize and at the next clock pulse the results are loaded into the next register. Most complex circuits work in a synchronous mode. CPU* designers try to minimize the clock period as much as possible, which means that they are constantly busy trying to minimize the time that the at-that-moment slowest logic part needs. When a piece of logic can't be speeded-up they can decide to divide that part in two and when necessary include it twice. (See also RISC*). |
|
Term |
Meaning |
Comments |
| UART |
Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter |
| µC |
Micro* Controller |
Same as MCU*. It's a small micro* processor combined with a couple of peripherals on a chip |
| ULSI
|
ultra large scale integration |
| UMPS* |
Modeling language for CPU* cores |
www.vmdesign.com/ |
| µP |
Micro* Processor (=MPU* or CPU*) |
| UPI
|
Universal Programmable Peripheral Interface |
Intel terminology |
| UPS
|
Uninterruptable Power Supply |
This will keep your computer or other equipment running for a while more (about 15 minutes) after the 110/220V has gone, so it can still finish tasks and power down your computer in a controlled way. It may also guard against spikes on the 110/220V etc. It will usually contain some sort of accu. If you want to keep your computers running longer you'll need an aggregate running on some sort of fuel. |
| USART
|
Universal Synchronous/Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter |
This is a UART that can also work in synchronous mode. Synchronous means that the data isn't send in bytes with a start and stop bit around it, but the data bits are send continously. The bit clocks of the two USART*'s need to be synchronized in another way (for example via an extra line). |
| UTP
|
Unshielded Twisted Pair |
This is a cheaper alternative for coax cable. Coaxial cable has the inner wire completely shielded by the other cable which is wooven around the inner one (and a tube of isolating material). This way magnetic fields can't influence the inner wire. Twisted pair cable has two wires that are wound around each other. This way both wires should experience the same fields and therefore both signals are distorted the same way. By subtracting the two signals from each other in the receiver the distortions are removed again. |
|
Term |
Meaning |
Comments |
| VBAP
|
Voice Band Audio Processor |
TI |
| VCA
|
Voltage controlled amplifier |
| Vcc
|
Main power supply |
Generally 5V |
| VCO* |
Voltage controlled oscillator |
| Vdd
|
Secondary power supply |
| Vee
|
Negative power supply |
| VESA
|
Video Electronics Standards Association |
VGA-interface and Local-Bus-definition |
| V/F
|
Voltage to Frequency (=VCO*) |
| VGA* |
| VLSI |
Very Large Scale Integration |
| Vpp
|
Programming power supply |
Generally higher then Vcc* |
| VRAM
|
Video Random Access Memory |
Serial and/or dual* access(?) |
| VSS
|
Also some sort of ground |
| VtoF
|
Voltage to Frequency converter |
Same as VCO* |
